💳Economics

Fees Paid by Users

The amount of (gas) fees that users paid in order to use the chain. We think that this is one of the most important metrics for a Layer 2. If people are willing to pay more for a certain Layer 2 that means that this Layer 2 has more to offer in terms of applications or security. This metric is also often referred to as a Layer 2's revenue.

• Arbitrum: Gas usage * gas price * ETH price of all transactions but we exclude transactions that have an L2 gas price of 0 (which are internal system transactions).

• Ethereum: Gas usage * gas price * ETH price of all transactions.

• Linea: Gas usage * gas price * ETH price of all transactions.

• Loopring: TBD

• ImmutableX: Users only pay fees to the protocol when they buy or sell NFTs. Usually, 1% of buy and sell orders go to the protocol. The sum of these protocol fees is our fees paid metric (marketplace fees not included because they don't go to the protocol).

• Mantle: Gas usage * gas price * MNT price of all transactions.

• OP chains (OP Mainnet, Base, Zora, PGN): L1 fee + gas usage * gas price * ETH price of all transactions but we exclude transactions that have an L2 gas price of 0 (which are internal system transactions).

• Polygon zkEVM: Gas usage * gas price * ETH price of all transactions.

• Scroll: Gas usage * gas price * ETH price of all transactions.

• zkSync Era: Gas usage * effective gas price * ETH price.

Rent Paid to L1

The gas fees paid by L2s to post transaction data & verification states onto Ethereum. We query Ethereum mainnet (full query: https://dune.com/queries/2986216) and use a Dune spell (thanks https://twitter.com/0xKofi).

Onchain Profit

Profit = Fees paid by users - Rent paid to L1.